%20(2).png)
Saliva & Salivary Gland
The salivary glands are a group of glands that produce saliva. Saliva is a clear, watery fluid that helps to:
​
-
Moisten the mouth and throat
-
Cleanse the mouth and teeth
-
Digest food
-
Protect the teeth from decay
There are three pairs of major salivary glands:
​
-
Parotid glands: The parotid glands are the largest salivary glands. They are located in front of and below the ears.
-
Submandibular glands: The submandibular glands are located below the jaw.
-
Sublingual glands: The sublingual glands are located under the tongue.
Have questions?
Give us a call or text with the best Ear, Nose, and Throat Doctor (Otolaryngologist) in Hollywood, Florida.
(754) 888-1368
Symptoms
Common symptoms of Salivary Gland Dysfunction can include:
-
Dry mouth or xerostomia
-
Swelling and pain in the cheeks or neck
-
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
-
Increased dental problems
-
Bad breath (halitosis)
-
Changes in taste
Causes
Several things may cause the dysfunction of salivary glands including:
​
-
Salivary Gland Infections - Infections, such as viral infections (e.g., mumps) or bacterial infections, can affect the salivary glands and temporarily reduce saliva production.
-
Salivary Stones - Salivary gland stones or sialolithiasis can block the ducts that carry saliva into the mouth, causing pain, swelling, and reduced salivary flow.
-
Autoimmune Disorders - Conditions like Sjögren's syndrome and IgG4-related disease can lead to chronic inflammation and damage to the salivary glands, affecting their function.
-
Radiation Therapy - Radiation therapy for head and neck cancers can damage the salivary glands, leading to reduced saliva production and dry mouth (xerostomia).
-
Medications - Some medications, including antihypertensives, anticholinergics, and antidepressants, can cause reduced salivary flow as a side effect.
-
Dehydration - Dehydration can temporarily reduce saliva production.
Management
Here are some tips for managing salivary gland dysfunction at home:
​
-
Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day.
-
Chew sugar-free gum or candy to stimulate saliva production.
-
Use a humidifier in your bedroom at night.
-
Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
-
Eat a healthy diet and avoid sugary foods and drinks.
-
Brush and floss your teeth regularly.
-
See your dentist for regular checkups and cleanings.
Treatment
The treatment of salivary gland dysfunction depends on the underlying cause:
​
-
Infections: Antibiotics may be prescribed for bacterial infections, and supportive care is provided for viral infections.
-
Salivary Stones: Treatment may involve measures to dislodge or remove the stone, such as warm compresses, massaging the gland, or in some cases, surgical removal.
-
Autoimmune Disorders: Management may include immunosuppressive medications to reduce inflammation and protect the salivary glands.
-
Radiation-Induced Dysfunction: Managing dry mouth in individuals who have undergone radiation therapy may involve saliva substitutes, medication adjustments, and dental care to prevent complications.
-
Medication-Induced Dysfunction: If medication side effects are causing reduced salivary flow, the healthcare provider may adjust the medication or recommend saliva-stimulating products.
-
Hydration: For cases of dehydration-related salivary gland dysfunction, increasing fluid intake and maintaining good hydration can be helpful.
Patients with persistent symptoms of salivary gland dysfunction should consult a healthcare provider, preferably a dentist or an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, for a thorough evaluation and appropriate management. Managing the underlying cause is essential to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications associated with reduced saliva production.